Sulawesi

21002-49004 Sulawesi palm civet, or Musang Raksasa Sulawesi (Macrogalidia musschenbroeckii) eating palm fruit on a fallen fig trunk. The largest predatory mammal in Sulawesi's forests, and the only endemic carnivore, it is one of the least known mammals in the world. Mamu Village, near Kulawi, Central Sulawesi *

21002-49006 Sulawesi palm civet, or Musang Raksasa Sulawesi (Macrogalidia musschenbroeckii) portrait of head. The largest predatory mammal in Sulawesi's forests, and the only endemic carnivore, it is one of the least known mammals in the world. Mamu Village, near Kulawi, Central Sulawesi *

21002-49107 Sulawesi palm civet, or Musang Raksasa Sulawesi (Macrogalidia musschenbroeckii) portrait of head. The largest predatory mammal in Sulawesi's forests, and the only endemic carnivore, it is one of the least known mammals in the world. Mamu Village, near Kulawi, Central Sulawesi *

21002-49001 Sulawesi palm civet, or Musang Raksasa Sulawesi (Macrogalidia musschenbroeckii) on a fallen fig trunk. The largest predatory mammal in Sulawesi's forests, and the only endemic carnivore, it is one of the least known mammals in the world. Mamu Village, near Kulawi, Central Sulawesi *

21002-49005 Sulawesi palm civet, or Musang Raksasa Sulawesi (Macrogalidia musschenbroeckii) on a fallen fig trunk. The largest predatory mammal in Sulawesi's forests, and the only endemic carnivore, it is one of the least known mammals in the world. Mamu Village, near Kulawi, Central Sulawesi *

21002-41001 Black-crested macaque (Macaca nigra) male. One of seven distinctive species of macaque endemic to Sulawesi, all of which are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral population. This species is found at the eastern end of the northern peninsula from about Mount Padang to the tip of the peninsula, as well as on smaller neighboring islands. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21002-41101 Black-crested macaque (Macaca nigra) male. One of seven distinctive species of macaque endemic to Sulawesi, all of which are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral population. This species is found at the eastern end of the northern peninsula from about Mount Padang to the tip of the peninsula, as well as on smaller neighboring islands. Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi *

21002-41113 Heck's macaque (Macaca hecki) one of seven distinctive species of macaque endemic to Sulawesi - all of which are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral population. This species range extends along the the southern half of the northern peninsula to the base of the northern peninsula. This area is primarily mountainous with many areas over 3,280 ft (1,000 m) high, with multiple active volcanoes present. Palu, Central Sulawesi *

21002-41119 Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana) young male. One of seven distinctive species of macaque endemic to Sulawesi - all of which are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral population. This species' range extends over much of central Sulawesi and on the nearby Togian Islands. Kamarora, Central Sulawesi *

21002-37001 Spectral tarsier (Tarsius tarsier) consuming a forest mantid in lowland forest after dark. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21002-37015 Spectral tarsier (Tarsius tarsier) consuming a forest mantid in lowland forest after dark. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21002-63001 Lowland Anoa, or Sapiutan (Bubalus depressicornis) smallest of all wild cattle and found in primary lowland rainforest. Nantu Forest, Gorontalo District, North Sulawesi *

21002-63017 Lowland Anoa, or Sapiutan (Bubalus depressicornis) smallest of all wild cattle and found in primary lowland rainforest. Nantu Forest, Gorontalo District, North Sulawesi *

21002-66001 North Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis) male approaching wallow in lowland rainforest. Nantu Forest, Gorontalo District, North Sulawesi *

21002-03120 Talaud Bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotus) female. Seldom ever photographed, this bear cuscus has only recently been classified as a separate species, and is considered to be extremely rare. Its population is fragmented due to habitat loss from forest degradation caused by logging, agricultural expansion, and human settlement. Heavy hunting pressure on the island is also likely to present a threat to the remaining population. Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi *

21002-03113 Talaud Bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotus) female. Seldom ever photographed, this bear cuscus has only recently been classified as a separate species, and is considered to be extremely rare. Its population is fragmented due to habitat loss from forest degradation caused by logging, agricultural expansion, and human settlement. Heavy hunting pressure on the island is also likely to present a threat to the remaining population. Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi *

21002-03115 Talaud Bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotus) female. Seldom ever photographed, this bear cuscus has only recently been classified as a separate species, and is considered to be extremely rare. Its population is fragmented due to habitat loss from forest degradation caused by logging, agricultural expansion, and human settlement. Heavy hunting pressure on the island is also likely to present a threat to the remaining population. Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi *

21002-03101 Sulawesi Bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinus) large male in tree. This large heavy, slow moving marsupial, has been isolated from its Australasian cousins, on the islands of Sulawesi in Wallacea, since the Miocene Period. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21001-01003 Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) adult pair. Tambun, Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Sulawesi *

21001-27003 Ornate lory (Trichoglossus ornatus) endemic to Sulawesi and surrounding islands. Typically seen in pairs or small family groups. Habitat includes forest edge, secondary forest, cultivated plots around towns, and upland valleys, but rarely primary forest. Usually between 320 and 550 ft, but occasionally to 3300 ft above sea-level. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21001-31002 Salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) 14 species or subspecies of bird, including this distinctive large cockatoo are endemic to the island of Seram in the southern Moluccas. This species is threatened by trapping for the International bird trade. Seram *

21003-70512 Selayar dwarf reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus saputrai). An Indonesian Island dwarf form of the largest of all snakes - the reticulated python - in 1912 one shot in Sulawesi measured a jaw-dropping 10m. The longest snake living in captivity today is also a reticulated python measuring 7.67m. Selayar dwarf reticulated python only grow to 4m but are arguably the most beautifully marked. They occur on Selayar Island in the Selayar Archipelago and also on adjacent Sulawesi. Dorsal pattern is a tight diamond pattern from head to tail. Similarly marked animals are sometimes found in the Phillipines *

21003-16502 Forsten's tortoise (Indotestudo forstenii) juvenile. Among Sulawesi's many rare forest-dwelling endemics, this is one of the least known chelonians in the world. It's small range (central and northern parts of Sulawesi, and the nearby islands such as Halmahera), coupled with extreme poaching pressure from the exotic pet trade, makes it a candidate for extinction. It is one of only three species in the genus Indotestudo, and is related to another forest-dweller from the mountains of the Western Ghats in southwest India. Palu, Central Sulawesi *

21003-01019 Celebes Frog (Papurana celebensis) adult male on forest floor. A widespread endemic frog of lowland areas, found in freshwater swamps, permanent ponds, and slow-flowing waterways in lowland habitats throughout Sulawesi. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21005-21504 Straight-edge Red Parasol (Neurothemis terminata) male at rest. A widespread dragonfly, rare in Peninsular Malaysia, but common in Indonesia and the Philipines. Kossingolan Swamp, Dumoga Bone, Sulawesi *

21005-21502 Straight-edge Red Parasol (Neurothemis terminata) female at rest. A widespread dragonfly, rare in Peninsular Malaysia, but common in Indonesia and the Philipines. Kossingolan Swamp, Dumoga Bone, Sulawesi *

21005-24507 'Wasp-mimicking' phasmid (Orthomeria forstenii) male on leaf in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi. A wonderful example of batesian mimicry - whereas most stick insects move very slowly, these insects are more active and alert, and move about quickly in short scuttling bursts, all the time waving their antennae about like predatory wasps *

21005-24503 Moving leaf insect (Phyllium siccifolium) female on leaf. These are phasmids with a leaf-like appearance. The female has large leathery forewings (tegmina) that lie edge to edge on the abdomen and resemble, in their vein pattern, the midrib and veins in a leaf. Females are flightless and the hindwings have no function. Peleng Island; Central Sulawesi *

21005-25502 Pink-legged Monkey hopper (Pseudomnesicles roseosignatus) adult on fern frond. These colourful but primitive grasshoppers feed mainly on ancient plant groups such as algae, ferns and gymnosperms. The 120 or so species of monkey grasshoppers hail mainly from tropical South American, and South East Asian rainforests. This individual was in Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21005-46003 Atlas moth (Attacus atlas) male. Females of this species are considered among the largest moths in the world, a record specimen from Java measured 262 mm. This moth is found throughout the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia. Rantepao, TanaToraja, Sulawesi *

21005-46004 Atlas moth (Attacus atlas) male. Females of this species are considered among the largest moths in the world, a record specimen from Java measured 262 mm. This moth is found throughout the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia. Rantepao, TanaToraja, Sulawesi *

21005-46001 Atlas moth (Attacus atlas) male. Females of this species are considered among the largest moths in the world, a record specimen from Java measured 262 mm. This moth is found throughout the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia. Rantepao, TanaToraja, Sulawesi *

21009-09006 Strangler fig (Ficus altisima) interior of hollow tree. These massive evergreen 'strangler figs', may be up to 30 m. tall, with broad, spreading crowns. They are common and widespread throughout South East Asia. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21009-09002 Strangler fig (Ficus altisima) exterior view of the trunk of a free standing, hollow tree. These massive evergreen 'strangler figs', may be up to 30 m. tall, with broad, spreading crowns. They are a common and widespread rainforest species throughout South East Asia. Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi *

21009-09024 Cauliflorous green fig (Ficus variegata) a widespread species of tropical fig tree that occurs in many parts of Asia, the Pacific and Australia.The green figs are eaten by over 30 Asian mammal species, including some of Sulawesi's terrestrial leaf browsers, like anoa, and barbirusa. Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi *

21009-79011 Sulawesi rattan (Plectocomia muelleri) closeup of spines. Rattans are vine-like palms which scramble through and over other rainforest vegetation.The spines act as hooks to aid climbing, and to deter browsing mammals. Most (70%) of the world's rattan comes from Indonesia, especially from Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Sumbawa Islands. Dumoga Bone National Park, North Sulawesi *

21009-79002 Round-leaf fountain palm (Saribus rotundifolius) a lowland rainforest palm found throughout Southeast Asia. The leaves are used for thatching and food wrapping by local people, indeed it is the unofficial 'national leaf' of the Philippines. Dumoga Bone National Park, North Sulawesi *

21009-79003 Round-leaf fountain palm (Saribus rotundifolius) a lowland rainforest palm found throughout Southeast Asia. The leaves are used for thatching and food wrapping by local people, indeed it is the unofficial 'national leaf' of the Philippines. Dumoga Bone National Park, North Sulawesi *

21009-12604 Great pitcher plant (Nepenthes maxima) has a relatively wide distribution covering New Guinea, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Islands. Dumoga Bone National Park, North Sulawesi *

21011- 21722 The stone carved burial site of Lemo, a cliff burial site with galleries of ancestor statues. In contrast to Londa, coffins here are not deposited in caves or crevices at the foot of the hill. After a death in Torajan Society, the deceased are put into stone graves carved out of the cliffside or in coffins hanging from the rocks. A wooden effigy or tau-tau is put up near the grave to look out over the land. The effigies are tightly packed together, with generations of wooden replicas of deceased villagers standing shoulder to shoulder looking down upon trespassers for all eternity. Lemo Site, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *

21011- 21724 After a death in the Toraja Society, the deceased are put into a stone grave carved out of the cliffside or in coffins hanging from the rocks. A wooden effigy or tau-tau is put up near the grave to look out over the land. Only the wealthy are buried in such graves which are expensive to carve and take a few months to complete - the higher up the cliff the wealthier the deceased. Marante Village, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *

21011- 21723 After a death in the Toraja Society, the deceased are put into a stone grave carved out of the cliffside or in coffins hanging from the rocks. A wooden effigy or tau-tau is put up near the grave to look out over the land. The effigies are tightly packed together, with generations of wooden replicas of deceased villagers standing shoulder to shoulder looking down upon trespassers for all eternity. Marante Village, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *

21011-21707 The Toraja people are a tribal culture with animist roots blended into Christianity. They live in the highlands of south Sulawesi. Tongkonan are traditional Torajan houses which stand high on wooden piles, topped with a distinctive roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc. The walls are incised with red, black, and yellow detailed wood-carved patterns as shown here and may be adorned with a buffalo head mounted on the facade of the tongkonan. These heads are made of painted wood, but fitted with real horns. Pallawa Site, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *

21011-21709 The Toraja people are a tribal culture with animist roots blended into Christianity. They live in the highlands of south Sulawesi. Tongkonan are traditional Torajan houses which stand high on wooden piles, topped with a distinctive roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc. The walls are incised with red, black, and yellow detailed wood-carved patterns as shown here and adorned with a realistic carved buffalo head decoration. Pallawa Site, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *

21011-21710 Tongkonan are the traditional Torajan houses which stand high on wooden piles, topped with a distinctive roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc. The walls, and underfloor are incised with red, black, and yellow detailed wood carvings and patterns as shown here. Pallawa Site, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *

21011-21711 Tongkonan are the traditional Torajan houses which stand high on wooden piles, topped with a distinctive roof shaped in a sweeping curved arc. The walls, and underfloor are incised with red, black, and yellow detailed wood carvings and patterns as shown here. Pallawa Site, Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi *