Java and Sumatra

21002-14909 Cave-dwelling blossom bats (Eonycteris spelaea) roost in small colonies in caves, and fly long distances after dark in search of pollen and nectar. They are a major pollinator of many Asian rainforest trees including the commercially important durian in Malaysia. Goa Lawah, Bali *

21002-14001 Large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) female in fig tree. Found from Madagascar to Australia and in mainland Asia and Indonesia, these are among the largest bats in the world. They inhabit tropical forests - particularly secondary forests - and swamps, and frequently forage in agricultural areas. Udjung Kulon, Java *

21002-90002 Sunda short-tailed porcupine (Hystrix javanica) drinking from forest stream *

21002-36015 Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) an inhabitant of both primary and secondary growth forests, feeding largely on ants and termites. Found throughout the Greater and Lesser Sunda Region, it's very rare on the island of Java now because of ceremonial use on funeral pyres. This species is larger and paler than the closely related Chinese pangolin *

21002-61610 Java Banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) wild bull. Ujung Kulon National Park *

21011-650105 Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) last remaining habitat of what was once the most widespread rhinoceros in Asia - ranging from the islands of Java and Sumatra through Southeast Asia and into India and China. Now critically endangered, with about 74 individuals remaining, it is possibly the rarest large mammal on Earth. Cigenter River, Ujung Kulon National Park, Java *

21002-59701 Western Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis) in wallow. Down from a little under 200 individuals ten years ago, to fewer than 80 individuals living in fragmented habitat in Southeast Asia now, means the Sumatran rhino is now one of the rarest mammals on earth. Despite protection and monitoring, the Sumatran rhino population continues to decline due to loss of habitat and isolation of populations, making it difficult for rhinos to find each other and breed. Although few poaching incidents have been reported in recent times, demand for Sumatran rhino horn played a large role in the decline of this species in the past, and now with recent health and economic challenges, as a result of the Covid pandemic, there is renewed concern about poaching of rhinos and other wildlife.*

21002-08501 Borneo pygmy elephant (Elephas maximus borneensus) is a small Asian elephant, with larger ears, longer tail, straighter tusks, and a remarkably tame and passive temperament. It is thought that the Borneo population might have descended from the extinct Javan elephant (Elephas maximus sondaicus). In 2003, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and microsatellite data indicated that it is derived from Sundaic stock and has undergone independent local evolution for some 300,000 years since the Pleistocene.

21002-51001 Malaysian sunbear (Helarctos malayanus malayanus) sunbears are the smallest members of the bear family. They are found primarily in the tropical rainforests of Asia, with a subspecies on the island of Borneo. Their fur is short and sleek, black or brown-black, and on the chest is usually a pale orange-yellow marking in the shape of a horseshoe. It is this distinctive marking which gives the sun bear its name *

21002-58107 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) resting. A leopard subspecies confined to the island of Java and now critically endangered. The population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, and the population continues to decrease. Javan leopards have either a normal spotted coat, or a recessive phenotype resulting in an all black coat.*

21002-58122 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) with young pig. A leopard subspecies confined to the island of Java and now critically endangered. The population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, and the population continues to decrease. Javan leopards have either a normal spotted coat, or a recessive phenotype resulting in an all black coat.*

21002-58204 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) with young pig. A leopard subspecies confined to the island of Java and now critically endangered. The population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, and the population continues to decrease. Javan leopards have either a normal spotted coat, or a recessive phenotype resulting in an all black coat.*

21002-58205 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) with young pig. A leopard subspecies confined to the island of Java and now critically endangered. The population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, and the population continues to decrease. Javan leopards have either a normal spotted coat, or a recessive phenotype resulting in an all black coat.

21002-58022 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) a leopard subspecies confined to the island of Java and now critically endangered. The population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, and the population continues to decrease. Javan leopards have either a normal spotted coat, or a recessive phenotype resulting in an all black coat.*

21002-58009 Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) resting. A leopard subspecies confined to the island of Java and now critically endangered. The population is estimated at less than 250 mature individuals, and the population continues to decrease. Javan leopards have either a normal spotted coat, or a recessive phenotype resulting in an all black coat *

21002-59005 Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) two animals fighting *

21002-59001 Malaysian tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) in grassland. This tiger subspecies inhabits the southern and central parts of the Malay Peninsula. Less than 1500 individuals remain in the wild. *

21002-5907 Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) on forest track. The Sumatran tiger is the only surviving member of the Sunda Islands group of tigers that included the now extinct Bali tiger and Javan tiger. Less than 650 individuals remain in the wild. *

21002-36601 Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) adult female in tree at night. Remarkably these animals produce a mild toxin which they mix with their saliva for defense. The bite causes a painful swelling but is not fatal.

21002-45006 Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) male with characteristic hairy cheek pads *

21001-07511 Great argus (Argusianus argus) males are among the largest of all pheasants, with very long tail feathers, however the male argus' most spectacular features are its huge, broad and greatly elongated secondary wing feathers decorated with large ocelli, and fanned in display when courting. Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo *

21001-07504 Great argus (Argusianus argus) display. Although not as colorful as other pheasants, this display surely ranks among the most remarkable in the bird world. The male argus dances before the female with his wings spread into two enormous fans, revealing hundred of "eyes" while his real eyes are hidden behind it, staring at her - you can just see his concealed blue head. Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo *

21001-07502 Great argus (Argusianus argus) close-up view of adult male showing blue head. Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo *

21001-06903 Crestless fireback (Lophura erythrophthalma) a stocky tropical pheasant found in advanced or mature lowland rainforests, typically moving in pairs or small groups. Found in the forests of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and is now threatened by habitat loss. Taman Negara National Park, Peninsula Malaysia *

20001-06904 Siamese, or Diard's fireback (Lophura diardi) a species of tropical pheasant distributed through the lowland and evergreen forests of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia. It is the national bird of Thailand *

21001-16002 Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) female. One of the largest of all hornbills. Found in lowland and montane, tropical and subtropical climates and in mountain rain forests up to 1,400 metres in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and southern Thailand. Females are white-eyed while the male's eyes are red. Sumatra *

21001-15503 Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Native to the rainforests of India, Bhutan, Nepal, mainland Southeast Asia and Sumatra, where it prefers extensive areas of old growth unlogged forests in hill country. Diet consists mainly of fruit - figs being particularly important - as well as the lipid-rich fruits of other trees, so they are important in dispersing the seeds of rainforest trees. They will also eat small mammals, birds, reptiles and insects. Sumatra *

21001-15705 Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) male with its distinctive naked yellow throat sac, with blue-black band. Named because of the characteristic long, curved bill with its 'wreath' of ridges, on the casque of the upper mandible. Inhabits the foothills and forests of Northeast India and Bhutan to Bangladesh, Southeast Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands. It is a frugivore and feeds mainly on large fruits. Sumatra *

21001-15001 Asian Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) adult male in palm, Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java *

21001-77503 Bali mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi) Destruction of savanna and forest habitat, and bird collectors have all but exterminated this bird in the wild on the island of Bali its only home

21011-650106 Salvator's monitor (Varanus salvator) adult swimming in forest. Cigenter River, Ujung Kulon National Park, Java *

21003-49515 Salvator's monitor (Varanus salvator) adult emerging from sea. Peuchang Island, West Java *

17003-49505 Emerald tree monitor (Varanus prasinus kordensis) young adult in Ficus tree. Biak Island *

21003-19502 Green garden agama (Calotes calotes) adult on palm frond in Java *

21006-12915 Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in shallow water. This is one of three living species of horseshoe crabs in Asia, while a fourth species is found in the Americas. Inhabits sandy and muddy shores at depths to 40 m (130 ft), and is the only horseshoe crab to have been observed swimming at the surface of the ocean. It occurs in both marine and brackish waters. Peucang Island, Java *

21006-12924 Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) upside down on shore. This is one of three living species of horseshoe crabs in Asia, while a fourth species is found in the Americas. Inhabits sandy and muddy shores at depths to 40 m (130 ft), and is the only horseshoe crab to have been observed swimming at the surface of the ocean. It occurs in both marine and brackish waters. Peucang Island, Java *

21006-12902 Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in shallow water. This is one of three living species of horseshoe crabs in Asia, while a fourth species is found in the Americas. Inhabits sandy and muddy shores at depths to 40 m (130 ft), and is the only horseshoe crab to have been observed swimming at the surface of the ocean. It occurs in both marine and brackish waters. Peucang Island, Java *

21005-21507 Iridescent jumping spider (Cosmophasis valerieae) female. More than 60 Cosmophasis jumping spiders - many of which are brightly coloured, or highly iridescent - occur throughout the Southeast Asian and Australasian region. This particular species is from the southernmost islands of Indonesia, from Java to East Nusa Tenggara. Like iridescent butterflies, these little spiders possess iridescent scales which can even reflect ultraviolet light. Bright colours and iridescence may play an important role in sexual signalling amongst these spiders. Peucang Island, Java, Indonesia *

21005-22702 Orchid mantis (Hymenopus coronatus) adult female on flowers of pink creeper. This is the most beautiful of the flower mantids, characterized by brilliant coloring and a semi-opalescent appearance, that perfectly mimics the petals of the orchid flower. Cibadak, West Java *

21005-22703 Orchid mantis (Hymenopus coronatus) adult female on flowers of pink creeper. This is the most beautiful of the flower mantids, characterized by brilliant coloring and a semi-opalescent appearance, that perfectly mimics the petals of the orchid flower. Cibadak, West Java *

21005-24506 Giant Malaysian leaf insect (Pulchriphyllium giganteum) female resting on leaf. These giant phasmids have a leaf-like appearance. No males are known to exist. Females have large leathery forewings (tegmina) that lie edge to edge on the abdomen and resemble, in their vein pattern, the midrib and veins in a leaf, however the insects are flightless and the hindwings have no function. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *

21005-22713 Giant dead leaf mantis (Deroplatys dessicata) adult female amongst leaf litter. This mantis inhabits scrubland and forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *

21005-22709 Giant dead leaf mantis (Deroplatys dessicata) adult female in threat display. This mantis inhabits scrubland and forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *

21005-22701 Giant dead leaf mantis (Deroplatys dessicata) adult female in threat display. This mantis inhabits scrubland and forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *

21005-25508 Oriental Mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis) found in much of Asia and also in Australasia, it is a polyphagous pest, damaging crops by gnawing their roots. Bogor, Java *

21005-25504 Flower katydid (Sanaa intermedia) The graphic patterns and striking contrast between the brown, green and black, unfortunately mean this Malaysian katydid is highly sought after by insect collectors. Chiang Dao, Thailand *